MCQ

 

 

 
    IMPORTANT
    
1. Which keys allows user to enter frequently used operations in a single key stroke?
a. Function keys
b. Cursor control keys
c. Trackball
d. Control keys
=> Function key


2. The device which is used to position the screen cursor is ?    
    A.     Mouse
    B.     Joystick
    C.     Data glove
    D.     None of above
=> a


3. Which is the device that is constructed with the series of sensors that detects hand and finger motion?
a) Digitizers
b) Data glove
c) Joystick
d) Track ball
=> b


4. Color information can be stored ina) Main memoryb) Secondary memoryc) Graphics cardd) Frame buffer
=> d

5. The range that specifies the gray or grayscale levels is
a) The value range from -1 to 1
b) The value range from 0 to -1
c) The value range from 0 to 1
d) Any one of the above
=> c


6. The sampling of object characteristic at a high resolution and displaying the result at a lower resolution is called?
a) Super-sampling
b) Post-filtering
c) Anti-aliasing
d) a or b
=> d
 Super-sampling is also called Post-filtering by computing intensities and combines results to obtain the pixel intensities.


7. The distortion of information due to low-frequency sampling is known as
a) Sampling
b) Aliasing
c) Inquiry function
d) Anti-aliasing
=> b


8. Anti-aliasing by computing overlap areas is referred to as
a) Area-sampling
b) Super-sampling
c) Pixel phasing
d) Only b
=> a


9.  Raster objects can also be anti-aliased by shifting the display location of pixel areas is known as
a) Super-sampling
b) Pixel shaping
c) Pixel phasing
d) Any of these
=> c
This technique is applied by micro-positioning the electron beam in relation to object geometry.


10. On raster system, lines are plotted with
a) Lines
b) Dots
c) Pixels
d) None of the mentioned
=> c


11. What determines light intensity in a CRT?
a) voltage
b) current
c) momentum of electrons
d) fluorescent screen
=> c
Momentum of the electrons gives the intensity or brightness of the light emitted from the fluorescent screen due to electron bombardment. It is given as the product of the no of electrons and their speed.


12. The Cartesian slope-intercept equation for a straight line is
a) y = m.x + b
b) y = b.x + m
c) y = x.x + m
d) y = b + m.m
=> a


13. For lines with slope magnitude |m|<1, ?x can be_________
a) A set corresponding vertical deflection
b) A set proportional to a small horizontal deflection voltage
c) Only a
d) All of the mentioned
=> b


14. Expansion of line DDA algorithm is
a) Digital difference analyzer
b) Direct differential analyzer
c) Digital differential analyzer
d) Data differential analyzer
=> c


15. Which algorithm is a faster method for calculating pixel positions?
a) Bresenham’s line algorithm
b) Parallel line algorithm
c) Mid-point algorithm
d) DDA line algorithm
=> d

16. An accurate and efficient raster line-generating algorithm is
a) DDA algorithm
b) Mid-point algorithm
c) Parallel line algorithm
d) Bresenham’s line algorithm
=> d


17. In Bresenham’s line algorithm, if the distances d1 < d2 then decision parameter Pk is______
a) Positive
b) Equal
c) Negative
d) Option a or c
=> c


18. _______ is defined as set of points such that the sum of the distances is same for all points.
a) Ellipses
b) Lines
c) Circles
d) Only a
=> d

19.     The midpoint circle drawing algorithm also uses the __of the circle to generate?
 A.     two-way symmetry
 B.     four-way symmetry
 C.     both (a) and (b)
 D.     eight-way symmetry
 => d

 20. Raster curves of various widths can be displayed using
a) Horizontal or vertical spans
b) Horizontal spans
c) Vertical spans
d) Horizontal and vertical spans
=> a

21. The pixel masks for implementing line-type options are also used in the following algorithm to generate dashed and dotted patterns.
a) Raster line algorithm
b) Raster scan algorithm
c) Raster curve algorithm
d) Random curve algorithm
=> c

22. The basic parameter to curved attributes are
a) Type
b) Width
c) Color
d) All of the mentioned
=> d

23. Video devices with reduced volume, weight and power consumption are collectively known as .........
a.     Light weight monitors
b.     Flat-panel displays
c.     CRT
d.     Portable display
=> b

24. Two dimensional color model are
a.RGB and CMKY
b.RBG and CYMK
c.RGB and CMYK
d.None
=> c

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 If the magnitude of the curve slope is lesser than 1, then
a) We can plot horizontal spans
b) We can plot vertical spans
c) Only b
d) All of the mentioned
=> c
 if slope magnitude<1 then we can plot vertical spans Magnitude > 1 then we can plot vertical spans.


 If the slope magnitude is 1, then circles, ellipse and other curves will appear
a) Thick
b) Thinnest
c) Big
d) Rough
=> b

One of the method for displaying thick curves is
a) Curve slope
b) Curve width
c) Curve cap
d) Only c
=> a
This method fills the area b/w 2 parallel curves, whose separation distance=desired width.


The pixel masks for implementing line-type options are also used in the following algorithm to generate dashed and dotted patterns.
a) Raster line algorithm
b) Raster scan algorithm
c) Raster curve algorithm
d) Random curve algorithm
=> c

 The function of the pixel mask is
a) To display dashes and inter dash spaces according to the slope
b) To display curved attributes
c) To display the thick curves
d) None of these
=> a

If we want to display constant-length dashes, then we need to do the following.
a) We need to adjust the number of pixels plotted in each dash
b) We need to adjust the number of dots
c) We must use line-type functions
d) Neither a nor c
=> a

The curves displayed with a rectangular pen will be
a) Thinner
b) Thicker and magnitude slope is 1
c) Thicker and magnitude slope >1
d) B or C
=>b


We can generate the dashes in the various octants and the circle path with vertical path using
a) Circles
b) Circle symmetry
c) Circle simmetry
d) Curve slope
=> b
Circle symmetry generates dashes in the various octants, but we must shift the pixel positions to maintain the correct sequence.



 Vertical deflection is given by ________
a) y = Ky Vy
b) y = Ky
c) x = 1
d) y = Vy
=> a
 In a cathode ray tube the vertical deflection is given by,
y = Ky Vy
where, Ky is the constant of proportionality
y is the vertical deflection
Vy is the vertical deflecting voltage.


Horizontal deflection is given by ________
a) x = Kx
b) x = Vx
c) x = 1
d) x = Kx Vx
=> d
In a cathode ray tube the horizontal deflection is given by,
x = Kx Vx
where, Kx is the constant of proportionality
x is the horizontal deflection
Vx is the horizontal deflecting voltage.


Deflection system of a CRT consists of ________
a) 4 plates
b) 6 plates
c) 2 plates
d) 8 plates
=> c
Cathode ray tube consists of two sets of plates that are parallel in nature. They are referred to as horizontal and vertical deflection plates. One of the plates is set to ground potential.


Focusing and accelerating anodes are ________
a) rectangular
b) cylindrical
c) spherical
d) square
=> b
Explanation: Focussing and accelerating anodes in a cathode ray tube are essentially cylindrical in nature. Each electrode has a small opening at the centre with a co-axial tubular axis.


Electron beam diverges.
a) True
b) False
=> a
Similar charges on electrons lead to a repulsion. As a result the electron beam diverges as it contains many electrons. Electrostatic force is applied between the focussing anodes in order to compensate the repulsive force.


The disadvantage of lineDDA is
a) Time consuming
b) Faster
c) Neither a nor b
d) None of the mentioned
=> a

Effect of negative voltage to the grid is ________
a) no force
b) a gravitational force
c) an attractive force
d) a repulsive force
=> d
Since the electron is negatively charged, application of a negative voltage to the control grid produces a repulsive force.


Control grid is given ________
a) positive voltage
b) negative voltage
c) neutral voltage
d) zero voltage
=> b
Explanation: Grid controls the amount of electrons falling on the fluorescent screen of a cathode ray tube. Cathode ray tube is provided with a negative voltage with respect to the cathode as a reference.

Electron gun section ________
a) provides sharp beam
b) provides poorly focussed beam
c) doesn’t provide any beam
d) provides electrons only
=> a
In a cathode ray tube, the electron gun section gives a sharply focussed beam of electrons. They are focussed on the fluorescent coated screen.

 If we want to recolor an area that is not defined within a single color boundary is known as
a) Boundary-fill algorithm
b) Parallel curve algorithm
c) Flood-fill algorithm
d) Only b
=> c

If the boundary is specified in a single color, and if the algorithm proceeds pixel by pixel until the boundary color is encountered is called
a) Scan-line fill algorithm
b) Boundary-fill algorithm
c) Flood-fill algorithm
d) Parallel curve algorithm
=> b


Coordinate references in the polyline function are stated as
a) Relative coordinate values
b) Absolute coordinate values
c) Current position
d) Real coordinate values
=> b
Coordinate references in the polyline function are stated as absolute coordinate values.


 The algorithm which uses multiple processors to calculate pixel positions is
a) Midpoint algorithm
b) Parallel line algorithm
c) Bresenham’s line algorithm
d) All of the mentioned
=> b


Which is the best line algorithm to balance the processing load among the processers?
a) Parallel line algorithm
b) DDA line algorithm
c) Bresenham’s line algorithm
d) Position Bresenham’s line algorithm
=> a
If there are ‘n’ processes then this algorithm divides it into number of partitions and generates line segments.



What is the use of Coherence techniques along and between scan lines?
a) To simplify the calculations
b) To determine the area edges
c) To find polygon region
d) To correct interior area
=> a
Coherence techniques are used along and between scan lines to simplify the calculations.


Another method for determining the percentage of pixel area within a boundary is
a) Mid-print algorithm
b) Mid-point algorithm
c) Pixel intensity
d) By using inquiry functions
=> b
This algorithm selects the next pixel along a line by determining which of 2 pixels is closer to the line between 2 pixels.


Super-sampling methods can be applied by
a) Sub-dividing the total area
b) Determining the number of sub-pixels inside the area
c) Both a and b
d) Only b
=> c
Super-sampling methods can be applied by sub-dividing the total area and determining the number of sub-pixels inside the area boundary.


The technique that is more accurate method for anti-aliasing lines is
a) Filtering
b) Area-sampling
c) Super-sampling
d) None
=> a


An array of values specifying the relative importance of sub-pixel is referred as________ of sub-pixel weights.
a) Sub-mask
b) Mask
c) Pixel phasing
d) Pixel weighting
=> c



For a 45% line, the line path is________ on the polygon area.
a) Horizontal
b) Centered
c) Vertical
d) Any of these
=> b
 Explanation: The line path is centered on the polygon area only if a line is 45%


 The procedure that increases the number of intensity levels for each pixel to total number of sub-pixels is
a) Area-sampling
b) Anti-aliasing
c) Super-sampling procedure
d) Only c
=> d
The super-sampling procedure increases the number of intensity levels for each pixel to total number of sub-pixels.

If we want to use more intensity levels to anti-alias the line, then
a) We increase the number of sampling positions
b) We decrease the number of sampling positions
c) We increase the number of pixels
d) Only c
=> a


Area-sampling is also known as
a) Pre-filtering
b) Pixel phasing
c) Post-filtering
d) Anti-aliasing
=> a


Nyquist sampling frequency formula is
a) fs=2fmax
b) fs=2fmin
c) fs=fmax
d) fs=fmin
=> a


To avoid losing information from periodic objects we need
a) Sampling frequency twice
b) Nyquist sampling frequency
c) Both a or b
d) Neither a nor b
=> c


In color raster system, the number of color choices available depends on
a) colors in frame buffer
b) Amount of storage provided per pixel in frame buffer
c) RGB color
d) Neither a nor b
=> b
 The amount of storage provided per pixels in frame buffer provides verity range of colors.



The color options are numerically coded with the following values.
a) Ranging from 0 through the positive integer
b) Ranging from 0 to 1
c) Ranging from 0 to -0
d) Only c
=> a


If any intensity input value near 0.33 would be stored as the binary value 1 in the frame buffer, then it displaysa) Dark green colorb) Light gray colorc) Dark gray colord) White or black
=> c
The intensity value 0.0 and 1 for black white respectively,and it is 0.33 for dark gray and 0.67 for light gray.




A user can set color-table entries in a PHIGS application program with the functiona) setColourRepresentation (ws, ci, colorptr)b) setColorRepresentation (ws, ci, colorptr)c) setColour (ws, ci, colorptr)d) setColourRepresentation ()
=> a


With the display intensity corresponding to a given color index ci calculated asa) Intensity=0.5[max(r, g, b)+ max(r, g, b)] b) Intensity=0.5[min(r, g, b)+ min(r, g, b)] c) Intensity=0.5[max(r, g, b)-max(r, g, b)] d) Intensity=0.5[min(r, g, b)+ max(r, g, b)]
=> d


With 3 bits per pixel, we can accommodate 8 gray levels. If we use 8 bits per pixel then what is the value of gray levels?a) 18 gray levelsb) 128 gray levelsc) 256 gray levelsd) No color
=> c


The range that specifies the gray or grayscale levels isa) The value range from -1 to 1b) The value range from 0 to -1c) The value range from 0 to 1d) Any one of the above
=> c


Whenever a particular color code is specified in an application program, the corresponding binary value is placed in?a) Color look-up tableb) Directly in frame bufferc) a or bd) Video lookup table
=> b


Whenever a particular color code is specified in an application program, the corresponding binary value is placed in?a) Color look-up tableb) Directly in frame bufferc) a or bd) Video lookup table
=>


The color code “000” is fora) Whiteb) Blackc) Blued) Green
=> b


In color raster system, the number of color choices available depends ona) colors in frame bufferb) Amount of storage provided per pixel in frame bufferc) RGB colord) Neither a nor b
=> b


The color options are numerically coded with the following values.a) Ranging from 0 through the positive integerb) Ranging from 0 to 1c) Ranging from 0 to -0d) Only c
=> a

Grey scale images have a maximum color depth of a.8bitb.16bitc.24bitd.32bit
=> a

CMYK true color model has _______ color deptha.24bitb.32bitc.64bitd.None
=>b


RGB true color model has _______ color deptha.24bitb.32bitc.64bitd.None
=> a


Each bit represent
a.One colorb.Two color c.Three color d.None
=> b

Color depth can be defined by ________ which can be displayed on a display unita.Bits per pixelb.Bytes per pixelc.Megabyte per pixeld.None of these
=> a


The RGB model display a much _______ percentage of the visible band as compared to CMYKa.Lesserb.Largerc.Mediumd.None of these
=> b


The intersection of primary CMYK color producesa.White colorb.Black colorc.Cyan colord.Magenta color
=> b


The intersection of three primary RGB color producesa.White colorb.Black colorc.Magenta colord.Blue color
=> a

CMYK model are used fora.Computer displayb.Printingc.Paintingd.None of these
=> b

RGB model are used for a.Computer displayb.Printing c.Paintingd.None of these
=> a.

Color apparent in subtractive model are the result of
a.Amount of Reflected light
b.Transmission of light
c.Flow of light
d.None of these
=> a


Color apparent in additive model are the result of a.Reflected light
b.Transmission of light
c.Flow of light
d.None of these
=> b


The subtractive color model use the concept of a.Printing ink
b.Light to display color
c.Printing line
d.None of these
=> a


The additive color models use the concept of a.Printing ink
b.Light to display color
c.Printing line
d.None of these
=> b

    Potentiometers mounted at the base of the joystick measures ?
    A.     The amount of movement
    B.     The direction
    C.     Position
    D.     Resolution
=> a


Which is used for 3D positioning and modeling, animation and other application ?
    
    A.     Space ball
    B.     Trackball
    C.     Spac ball
    D.     None of above
=> a
Space ball is a 3D positioning device.


Which is the ball that can be rotated with the fingers or palm of the hand ?
    A.     Space ball
    B.     Trackball
    C.     Both A & B
    D.     None of above
=> b
Trackball is a ball that can be rotated with the fingers or palm of the hand.



Space ball provide degree of freedom ?
    A.     10 degree
    B.     6 degree
    C.     8 degree
    D.     12 degree
=> b


    Trackball is ?
    A.     Two-dimensional positioning device
    B.     Three- dimensional positioning device
    C.     Pointing device
    D.     None of above
    => a


    Which is used for detecting mouse motion.
    A.     Optical sensor
    B.     Rollers on the bottom of mouse
    C.     Both A & B
    D.     None of above
    => c
Rollers and optical sensors are used to record the amount and direction of movement.

    Which are used to measure dial rotations ?
    A.     Potentiometers
    B.     Volta meter
    C.     Parameter
    D.     None of above
    => a
The Potentiometer is an electric instrument that used to measure the EMF (electro motive force) of a given cell, the internal resistance of a cell.


    The most commonly used input device is ?
    A.     Mouse
    B.     Keyboard
    C.     Scanner
    D.     Printer
    => b

 

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* In color raster system, the number of color choices available depends on
colors in frame buffer
Amount of storage provided per pixel in frame buffer
RGB color
Neither  a nor b   

* A bitmap is collection of ___________________ that describes an image.
bits
colors
algorithms
pixels     

* The window opened on the raster graphics screen in which the image will be displayed is called _____________
World  co-ordinate system
Screen  co-ordinate system
World window
Interface window    

* Drawing of number of copies of the same image in rows and columns across the interface window so that they cover the entire window is called ____________
Roaming
Panning
Zooming
Tiling   

* To avoid losing information from periodic objects we need
Sampling frequency twice
Nyquist sampling frequency
Both a or b
Neither a nor b    

* Which of the following is a video editing tool that produces an animated text which can be inserted into video streams?
Character generator
  Title generator
Video generator
 Animation generator   

* To change the position of a circle or ellipse we translate
Center coordinates
Center coordinates and redraw the figure in new location
Outline coordinates
All of  the mentioned    

* An ellipse can also be rotated about its center coordinates by rotating
End points
Major and minor axes
All of the above
None of the  above   

*  A translation is applied to an object by
Repositioning it  along with straight line path
Repositioning it along with circular path
All of the  mentioned
None  of the above   


* We translate a two-dimensional point by adding
Translation distances
Translation difference
X and Y
None of  the above   


* The translation distances (dx, dy) is called as
Translation  vector
Shift vector
Both a and b
Neither a  nor b    

* In 2D-translation, a point (x, y) can move to the new position (x’, y’) by using the equation    x’=x+dx and y’=y+dx    
x’=x+dx and y’=y+dy   
 X’=x+dy and Y’=y+dx   
 X’=x-dx and y’=y-dy  


* The two-dimensional translation equation in the matrix form is   
 P’=P+T    P’=P-T    P’=P*T      P’=p   


* _________ is a rigid body transformation that moves objects without deformation.
Rotation
Scaling
Translation
All of the  mentioned     


* Polygons are translated by adding __________ to the coordinate position of each vertex and the current attribute setting.
Straight line path
Translation vector
Differences
 None  of the above   

* A two dimensional rotation is applied to an object by
Repositioning it along with straight line path
Repositioning it along with circular path
 Any of the mentioned
None of the above     


* The original coordinates of the point in polor coordinates are    
X’=r cos (Ф +ϴ) and Y’=r cos (Ф +ϴ)    
X’=r cos (Ф +ϴ) and Y’=r sin (Ф +ϴ)    
X’=r cos (Ф -ϴ) and Y’=r cos (Ф -ϴ)    
X’=r cos (Ф +ϴ) and Y’=r sin (Ф -ϴ)   


* ________ is the rigid body transformation that moves object without deformation.
Translation.
Scaling   
Rotation   
Shearing      


* The transformation that is used to alter the size of an object is
Scaling.
Rotation    
Translation
Reflection   


* Scaling of a polygon is done by computing
The product of (x, y) of each vertex
(x, y) of end points
Center coordinates
None of the above   


* If the scaling factors values sx and sy < 1 then
It reduces the size of object
 It increases the size of object
It stunts the shape of an object
 None    


* If the value of sx=1  and sy=1  then
Reduce the size of object
Distort the picture
Produce an enlargement
No change in the size of an object    

* The matrix representation for translation in homogeneous coordinates is    
P’=T +P    P’=S* P    P ’=R*P    P’=T *P     


* The matrix representation for scaling in homogeneous coordinates is   
 P’=S*P     P’ =R*P    P’=dx +dy    P’=S*S   



* The matrix representation for rotation in homogeneous coordinates is 
   P’=T+P    P’=S *P    P’=R*P    P’=dx+dy    



* We can combine the multiplicative and translational terms for 2D into a single matrix representation by expanding 
2  by 2  matrix into  4*4 matrix 
2 by 2 matrix into 3*3  
3 by 3  matrix into 2 by 2 
None of these    


* What is the determinant of the pure reflection matrix?    
One          Zero         Negative One    Two         


* Which of the following represents shearing?    
(x, y) → (x+a, y+b)    
(x, y) → (ax, by)   
(x, y) → (x cos(θ)+y sin(θ), -x sin(θ)+y cos(θ))  
(x, y) → (x+ay, y+bx)    


* If a '3 x 3' matrix shears in X direction, how many elements of it are ‘1’?    
Two      Three      Six       Five     


* If a '3 x 3' matrix shears in Y direction, how many elements of it are ‘0’?
Two     Three      Six       Five    



* The algorithm which uses multiple processors to calculate pixel positions is
Midpoint algorithm
Parallel line algorithm
Bresenham’s line algorithm
 All of the mentioned    


* What is the name of the small integer which holds a bit for the result of every plane test?
setcode
outcode
incode
bitcode    


*  If both codes are 0000, (bitwise OR of the codes yields 0000) line lies __________________ the window.
completely outside
half inside half outside
completely inside
can’t say anything    


*  The logical ______ of the endpoint codes determines if the line is completely inside the window.
 AND
OR
NOT
NOR    


* Sutherland-Hodgeman clipping is an example of_________________ algorithm.
line  clipping
polygon  clipping  
text  clipping
curve clipping   


* How many polygons are used in this method?    Four   
Three     
Two  
One    


* We can correctly clip a polygon by processing the polygon boundary as a whole against each ___________
side wall
top edge
window edge
bottom edge     


* How many edges of the clipping are/is present in 2D?    One  Two      Three      Four        


* One of the drawbacks of Sutherland- Hodgeman algorithm is that it can’t produce ____________ areas.
connected
multiple
discrete
circular    


* By changing the dimensions of the viewport, the _________ and ___________ of the objects being displayed can be manipulated.
Number of pixels and image quality
X co-ordinate and Y co-ordinate
Size and proportions
All of these    


* What is the major application of clipping in computer graphics?
adding graphics
removing objects and lines
zooming
copying  


* In polygon clipping, which vertex of the polygon is clipped first?
top right
bottom right
bottom left
top left   

* How many methods of text clipping are exists?    
5 4 2   


* A bitmap is collection of ___________________ that says an image.
bits
colors
algorithms
pixels    

* In line clipping, the portion of line, which is placed_____________ of window, is cut and the portion that is present _____________ the window is kept.
outside, inside
inside, outside
exact copy, different
different, an exact copy   

* ‘Skala’ is an example of which type of clipping?
curve clipping
point clipping
polygon clipping   
line clipping       


* Vatti' clipping algorithm is used in _________________
curve  clipping
point clipping
polygon  clipping
line clipping      1



* The ______ operator of the endpoint codes determines if the line is completely inside the window.
AND
OR
NOT
NOR   


* The bottom-right region of the window with  4-bit code is ____________    One Zero Zero  One    Zero ONe Zero  One    One   Zero  One Zero    Zero  ONe ONe Zero    


* The top-left region of the window with 4-bit code is ____________    One Zero Zero One    One One Zero Zero        Zero One Zero One       One Zero     One Zero   


* If 0000 represents the both codes, (bitwise OR of the codes yields 0000) line lies __________________ the window.
completely outside
half inside half outside
completely inside    
can’t say  anything   


* The center region of the screen and the window can be represented as________    
0000     1111     0110   1001   


* An outcode can have ____ bits for 2D clipping and ____ bits for 3d clipping.
4,6
6,8
2,4
1,3

   
* What small integer is used to holds a bit for the result of every plane test?
setcode
outcode
incode
bitcode   

* The Cohen-Sutherland algorithm divides the target region into how many spaces.   
 8    6    7    9    


* Liang–Barsky algorithm is a __________ clipping algorithm.
circle
text
line
pixel    


* Which type of arithmetic is used in Liang Barsky algorithm?
simple arithmetic operations
floating point arithmetic
fixed point arithmetic
logarithmic operations   


* The basic geometric transformations are
Translation   
 Rotation    
Scaling
All of the mentioned    

* To generate a rotation , we must specify   
 Rotation angle ϴ
Distances dx and dy
 Rotation distance
All of the mentioned  


* Positive values for the rotation angle ϴ defines
Counterclockwise rotations about the end points
Counterclockwise translation about the pivot point
Counterclockwise rotations about the pivot point
Negative direction    


* The rotation axis that is perpendicular to the xy plane and passes through the pivot point is known as
Rotation
Translation
 Scaling
Shearing   


* If the scaling factors values sx and sy are assigned to the same value then
Uniform  rotation is produced
  Uniform scaling is produced
Scaling cannot  be done
 Scaling can be done or cannot be done   


* If the scaling factors values sx and sy are assigned to unequal values then
Uniform rotation is produced
Uniform scaling is produced
Differential scaling is produced
Scaling cannot be done    

* The objects transformed using the equation P’=S*P should be
Scaled
Repositioned
Both a and b
Neither a nor b   

* We control the location of a scaled object by choosing the position is known as
Pivot point
Fixed point
Differential scaling
Uniform scaling   

* What is the use of homogeneous coordinates and matrix representation?
To treat all 3  transformations in a consistent way
To scale
To rotate
To shear the object   


* The general homogeneous coordinate representation can also be written as
(h.x, h.y, h.z)
(h.x, h.y, h)
(x, y, h.z)
(x,y,z)   

* In a rotation, by how much angle is the object rotated?
45 degree
90 degree
180 degree
360 degree    


* If two pure reflections about a line passing through the origin are applied successively the result is ___________________
Pure rotation
Quarter rotation
Half rotation
True reflection   

* "Which of the following is NOT true?
Image formed by reflection through a plane mirror is_______________"    
of same size    
same orientation    
virtual    
is at same distance from the mirror   


* Only vertices from the subject polygon that are on the _______________ are selected.   
 lower half    boundary    opaque side    visible side    


* If we used Left->Right->Up->Bottom, the final output will be the vertex list outputted by the ___________ edge.
left edge
right edge
top edge
bottom edge    

* In a convex polygon, each of the interior angles is less than ____degrees.  
  90    180    360    45   


* The object space or the space in which the application model is defined is called ____________
World co-ordinate  system
Screen co -ordinate system
World  window
 Interface window   


* What is the name of the space in which the image is displayed?
World co- ordinate system
Screen  co-ordinate  system
World  window
Interface  window

* What is the rectangle in the world defining the region of  that is to be displayed?
World co-ordinate system
Screen co-ordinate system
World window
Interface window    

* Area-sampling is also known as
Pre-filtering
Pixel phasing
Post-filtering
Anti-aliasing   

* If the boundary is specified in a single color, and if the algorithm proceeds pixel by pixel until the boundary color is encountered is called
Scan-line fill algorithm
Boundary-fill algorithm
Flood-fill algorithm
Parallel  curve algorithm   

* If we want to recolor an area that is not defined within a single color boundary is known as
Boundary -fill algorithm
Parallel curve algorithm
Flood-fill algorithm
None   of these    


* The removal of hidden surfaces process is called as _______________
clipping
copying  
cuplling
shorting    

An area which is related to the visible surface determination (VSD) is called culling. ‘Viewing frustum culling’ and ‘Backface culling’ are examples of some culling algorithms.



* Cohen-Sutherland clipping is the example of which of them?
polygon clipping
text clipping
line clipping
curve clipping    


*  ______is a flexible strip that is used to produce smooth curve using a set of point
Sp line
Scan-line method
Depth-sorting method
None  of these.   


* The types of sp line curve are     
Open sp line    
Closed sp line    
Both a  &  b    
None of  these    


* Cubic sp line are
Simple to compute
Provides continuity of curves 
Both a & b    
None   of these    


*  The surfaces that is blocked or hidden from view in a 3D scene are known as      
Hidden surface    Frame buffer    Quad tree    None of these    


* The problem of hidden surface are    
 Removal of hidden surface  
 Identification of hidden surface  
 Both a &   b  
 None of these      


* Why we need removal of hidden surface     
for displaying realistic view   
for determining the closest visib
Both a  & b    
None of these       


* How many types of hidden surface algorithm are     
One    Two       Three       Four   


* The algorithm of hidden surface are    
 Object-space method   
 image-space   method   
 Both a & b   
 None of these        


* The method which is based on the principle of comparing objects and parts of objects to each other to find which are visible and which are hidden are called      
Object-space   method   
 image-space method   
 Both a & b      
 None of  these.   


*  The method which is based on the principle of checking the visibility point at each pixel position on the projection plane are called      Object-space method     image-space method    Both a & b        None  of these   


* The types of hidden surface removal algorithm are      
Depth comparison, Z-buffer, back-face removal    
Scan line algorithm, priority algorithm     
BSP method, area subdivision method     
All of these    


* Which surface algorithm is based on perspective depth     
Depth comparison    Z-buffer or depth-buffer algorithm    subdivision method    back-face removal   


* In which year Z- buffer algorithm are described      
1995    1974       1945    1981


*  Z -buffer algorithm are   
   Simplest algorithm    Complex algorithm    Largest algorithm    None of these        



* Which is a tree type of data structure in which every internal node has at most four children
Point quad tree
Edge quad tree
Quad tree
None of these         

* The scan line coherence algorithm was developed by
Wylie
Evans
Cat mull
Both a  &  b   

* The array are used with scan line coherence algorithm are
For intensity value
For depth value
Both a &  b
None of these    

* Scan lines are used to scan from
Top to bottom
Bottom to top
Both a & b   
None   of  these   

* The painter algorithm were developed on 
1972 by Newell
1972 by Evans
1974 by Cat mull
None of these     

* The painter algorithm are also called
Depth sort algorithm
Priority algorithm
Both  a & b
None of these   

* The painter algorithm are based on the property of
Polygon
Frame buffer
Depth buffer
None of these   

*  The dynamic effect of an image is called
Video
Animation
Super sampling
None of these   

* The animation can be defined as a collection of images played in
Not sequence
Defined sequence
Both a & b
None of these   

* When sound is included in the animation, it become
Audio
Video
Both a  & b
None of these   

* Many online animation tools are used to create animation in the form of
JPEG image
PDF image
GIF image
None  of  these    

* An ex of online animation tools are
Macromedia  flash
GIF  works
Both a  & b
None of these   

* To produce the motion in the image by placing the elements of the image on different location ,which software are used
Macromedia flash
GIF works
Both a & b
None of   these    1

* The name of a visible surface detection algorithm are
Back face detection
Back face removal
Ray tracing
None   of   these   

* Which type of quad tree can be defined as an adaptation of a binary tree represented two dimensional point data
Point   quad tree
Edge  quad  tree
Curves quad  tree
Areas quad tree    


* Which type of quad tree is specifically used to store lines rather than points
Point  quad tree
Edge  quad tree
Curves quad tree
Areas quad tree 

* This algorithm uses the ____________ equations for a line and solves four inequalities.    
linear    quadratic    cubic    parametric    


* The ideas of the Liang-Barsky algorithm are the same with which algorithm?    
Cyrus Beck algorithm    Liam-Chopsky algorithm    Cohen Sutherland algorithm    All have the same 


* Which of the co-ordinate represents Y co-ordinate in (6,8,9)?    
Six     Eight    Nine    Zero   


* Which of the following properties are preserved in affine transformation?    
co-linearity    convexity    concavity   parallelism    


* Which co-ordinates allow common vector operations such as translation, rotation, scaling and perspective projection to be represented as a matrix by which the vector is multiplied?    
vector co-ordinates  3d co-ordinates    affine co-ordinates    homogenous co-ordinates    


* Which type of quad tree is specifically used to store lines rather than points    
Point quad tree    Edge quad tree    Curves quad tree    Areas quad tree   


* ____________ and ___________ are two types of transformations.    
quadratic, cubic    
variable, affine    
linear, quadratic    
linear, affine    


* The basic ray tracing algorithm provides 
Transparency    
Visible-surface detection
Shadow effect, multiple light source illumination    
All of these    


* A process with the help of which images or picture can be produced in a more realistic way is called   
 Fractals    Quad-tree    Rendering    None of these    


* What is the rectangle in the world defining the region that is to be displayed?    
World co-ordinate system    Screen co-ordinate system    World window    Interface window    


* Which type of clipping is used to clip character strings?    
text clipping    line clipping    sentence clipping    word clipping  


* For a point to be clipped, which of the following conditions must be satisfied by the point?   
ywmin < y < ywmax    
ywmin > y > ywmax    
ywmin = y = ywmax    
xwmin < x < xwmax    


* Which of the following is NOT a type of clipping algorithm used on the raster system?   
 line   clipping    point clipping    area clipping    solid clipping    


* For a 2d transformation viewing, in how many ways a clipping algorithm can be applied?    
Three     Two     One     Five    


* The process of elimination of parts of a scene outside a window or a viewport is called _______   
 cutting    plucking    clipping    editing    


* Which of the following co-ordinates are NOT used in 2d viewing transformation?    
modelling co-ordinates      viewing  co-ordinates    vector co-ordinates    device  co-ordinates    


* Any convenient co-ordinate system or Cartesian co-ordinates which can be used to define the picture is called ___________    
spherical co-ordinates    vector co-  ordinates    viewport co-ordinates    world co-ordinates    


* Which of the following co-ordinates are NOT used in the 2d viewing transformation?    
modelling co-ordinates    viewing co-ordinates    vector co-ordinates    device co-ordinates    


* A view is selected by specifying a sub-area of the __________ picture area.    
half    full    total    quarter    


* The types of hidden surface removal algorithm are    
Depth comparison, Z-buffer, back-face removal    
Scan line algorithm, priority algorithm    
BSP method, area subdivision method    
All of these    


* The method which is based on the principle of checking the visibility point at each pixel position on the projection plane are called    
Object -space method      
image-space method    
class space  method    
None of these.    


* The method which is based on the principle of comparing objects and parts of objects to each other to find which are visible and which are hidden are called    
Object-space method      
image-space  method    
Class space method
None of these      


* The algorithm of hidden surface are    
Object- space method    
image-space method     
Object and image space method    
None of  these       


* Why we need removal of hidden surface     
for displaying realistic view    
for determining the closest visible surface    
for displaying realistic view and for determining the closest visible surface   
None of these     


* The value of t lies between     
1 and  2
1 and  10
0 and  1
0 and 3   


* The parametric form of  3D sp line are    
X=f(t), y=g(t),z=h(t)    
X=a0,y=b0,z=c0     
F(t)=0, g(t)=0,h(t)=0    
None   of  these  


* Which of the following represents a shearing?
(x, y) → (x+a, y+b)    
(x, y)  → (ax, by)    
(x, y)  → (x cos(θ)+y sin(θ), -x sin(θ)+y cos(θ))    
(x, y)  → (x+ay, y+bx)    


* What is the name of the effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable?    
Aliasing    Anti- aliasing    Sampling    Staircase effect   


* What is the effect of weighted area sampling on adjacent pixels?    
Intensity is increased    Intensity is decreased    Contrast is increased    Contrast is decreased    


* What happens to intensity if an area of overlapping increases?    
Intensity remains same    Intensity decreases    Intensity increases    Can’t say anything    


* Which of the following is NOT a type of area sampling?    
Weighted area sampling    Unweighted area sampling    Anti-aliasing    Point sampling    


* What is lower bound on the sampling rate is known as?   
 Syquist rate     Nyquist rate    Hartley rate     Sampling rate     2


* A signal can also be represented as ____________________    
Amplitude  domain    Signal domain     Frequency  domain    Phase domain     


* What is lower bound on the sampling rate known as?    
Syquist rate    Nyquist  rate    Hartley rate    Sampling rate   


* A signal can also be represented as the  ____________________    
Amplitude domain    Signal domain    Frequency domain    Phase domain    


* We can think a line as a _____________________ in the grid.    
Parallelogram    Rectangle    Circle    Triangle   


* The fill color that is combined with the background color is known as    
Soft fill    Tint fill    Soft fill and tint fill    None    


* The process of filling an area with rectangular pattern is called   
 Tiling    Linear fill    Tint-fill    Soft-fill   


* Which one is not a type of basic fill styles?    Hollow    solid color    Pattern    Dark    


* How many methods of text clipping are there?    
Five    Four    Three    Two    


* Which vertex of the polygon is clipped first in polygon clipping?    
top right    bottom right    bottom left    top left    


* What is the primary use of clipping in computer graphics?   
 adding graphics    removing objects and lines    zooming    copying   



* The algorithm which displays line-type attributes by plotting pixel spans is   
 Raster line algorithm    Raster scan algorithm    Random line algorithm    Random scan algorithm   



* In an application program, to set line-type attributes the following statement is used.    SetLinetype(lt)    setLinetype(lt)      SETLINETYPE(lt)     SETLINE()   

* Which of the following is not a line-type?
Dashed line    Dark line    Dotted line    Only  Dark line    


*  A dotted line can be displayed by generating    
Very short dashes  with spacing equal to and greater than dash size    
Very long dashes with spacing equal to or greater than dash size    
Very short dashes with spacing equal to and greater than dash size   
Dots    


*  A dashed line could be displayed by generating_________.    

Inter dash spacing    Very short dashes    Intra das spacing     None of these     



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